A poem by Kavalam Narayana Panicker is commonly used in dance repertoire, its lyrics are apt for a multitude of poetic interpretations. Kalamandalam Sajeeth helped me to make a translation of the poem and he immediately warned me that there are many implicit meanings behind the metaphors, known in Sanskrit as Gaunartham. Here I will give both word-to-word translation and the most apparent implicit meaning of the song. The song refers to a deity, but in reality, there is no specific God mentioned here, as it's just giving a high respect to the rain, monsoon season, so important to Kerala, India and our planet as such.
This Cholkettu is the second Cholketu choreographed in Mohiniyattam, the first one, in ragam Chakravagam, was actually one piece of a surviving legacy of mohiniyattam (5 items total) recovered from memory by Thottasserry Chinnammu Ammu, who came to Kalamandalam at about 50 years old and had not practiced Mohiniyattam since childhood, because of the taboo on the dance form and its association with prostitution. Satyabhama was the next generation guru who contributed the most choreographers to Kalamandalam repertoire, which are already classics. This cholkettu is very similar to the original old item by Thottasserry Chinnammu Ammu, however, the movements were deliberately sophisticated, as well as the final lyrical part (sahityam) was cut short to a single shloka about Lord Shiva
//Thanu thanam thari dit thaka na tari/ }
jaga tari naka tari/ jaga tari thom ta tom// } 2 times
//Thanutha thajonutha tadhimitha tajonutha /
dhanathajonutha dhimi/ ta dimki na tom// } 3 times
//da tei tei da tha tam dhimi/
da tha tei ta tei/ da tha tam//
Sahitya:
Haratunga Jatha Dhara Ganga
Haratunga Jatha Dhara Ganga
Thripurantaka rishabho thuranga
Thripurantaka rishabho thuranga
Mada purita Manmatha bhanga
Mada purita Manmatha bhanga
(Translation:
The one who bears Gangha in his locks
The destroyer of Tripura (Siva) uses the bull as a divine vehicle
He turned Kamadeva (Manmatha) to ashes)
//ankri namastuthi tham kita thathi thari kita dhimi thaka/
thomka thlanku thadim kina/ Tom tharikita dhimitaka thomka//
//thlanku tadim kinatom dimitaka tomka thlanku ta dhim/
kina thom ta dim kina/ tom ta dim ki na thom//
//Da tei tei da ta tam dimi/ datha tei ta tei/ da ta tam dimi/ taaam//
Jalajabandhuvumiha jaladhiyilanayunnu (2)
-
" The sun, who's a relative of Lotus, is coming closer to the ocean" ( it's a metaphor for that it's Dawn) [ Also, it might sound like it's sunset, but malayamarutha which comes in next line in a morning raga, so she tells me it's morning]
Malayamaruthamettu mama mathitharambatha vivashamayi sakhee
( "Malayamarutham- this morning raga, also marutham means wind or breeze, like mountain breeze. "
" In this extremely beautiful morning smitten by 'malayamarutha' my mind is so restless and overwhelmed.
Alashara parithapam cholvathinnaliveni Pani baale baale
( " It's indescribable, the sadness that I possess from getting hit by the arrow of kamadeva" )
Being a morning raga,
Todi may symbolize the light coming after darkness, and hope after despair. Despair,
in fact, is the mood of the heroine of the varnam, who misses her beloved
Padmanabha. Perhaps, the darkest night hours, before the light breaks, symbolize
the madness, portrayed by Swathi Tirunal through an array of metaphors. For
example, the damsel addresses her friend as the one with the gait of a mad
elephant.A very common compliment in
old time (elephants during the mating season walk very seductively), is
explored even deeper in the traditional mohiniyattam choreography in Kalamandalam.
The mudra sequence symbolizes the explosion of brain of the elephant and the
celebral fluids streaming down. This epithet marks the heaviness of the
obsessive sentiments the heroine is going through in the varnam. She cannot get
over her obsession, which she believes, is induced by the arrows of Kamadeva,
and starts an eccentric act of regression by applying lotus stems and petals
all over her body, which perhaps cool down her heat or remind her of the touch
of her beloved. The Varnam was written inSwarakshara prayoga, which means that the swara letters corresponded with the first letter of the words used in lyrics.
Varnam (Danismajendra)
Composer and lyricist
Swathi Thirunal
language Sansrit
Talam Adi
Ragam Todi
Pallavi
Dani Samajendra Gamini
II
Tapam iha Kamini II
Anupallavi
Manini sukha dani II
Madumasa charu dinani II
MAnaniya shri Padmanabha II
Dutani mamtu mokhani II
Chitta Swaram
D , n D n ṡ N, ṙṡ n d n I Ṡ ; ; , ṙ ṡ ṡ nn dd pm II
Damadadi vinirjita vidita I sarasa
vishika manupama I ……..
P d n – p d m p g – m p d p- d n ṣ ṛ I
Padanin patadhakhila vibuda manurajani
I
n ṙ Ṡ n d n D p m d p G m II
manasanu kalayami madhupaveni II Dani……..
Charanam
Ganaparaniha alikulani II
1.G ; r A; ṇ Ḍ , Ṇ , I S ; ; Ḍ G R , N r II
Gadasanwaya
pi I ko pivitapini II Gana ……
2.G , mg g r s R, g r r s ṇ I S, r s sṇ ṇ Ḍ , P̣ ḍ ṇ s r II …….
Gama laghu Sapura
patira krita I
Ya mahaha
bahuda hridilagati II
Gana ……..
3.P , d pm M, p m g G, m I g r R,
g r s Ṇ, r s ṇ ḍ ṇ II ……..
Patu mayima
sumashara I
Sugapari patina
nee rasa drutapi II
S ;;; ḍ ṇ
Ḍ - n s Ṇ I s ṇ S – r s R – g r G – m G m II …….
Sa
mupadanita bahu la I
Ta madhuna
tamrutema II
P d n p d m
p g – m p d p-d n ṡ ṙ I
ṡ
ṡ nd- N d p m- G r s ṇ - Ḍ
ṇ s rII
hani
hana hini hiki maparama pashuta masuradu nee[atima panidimrute vishari II Gana …..
4.Ṡ ;; n d p m g m p d n I D , p d n D n ṡ
D n ṡ ṙ II
Ṡ n d p G,
m p m g r S, ṇ I Ḍ ṇ s r G, m g r s ṇ S; II
ḍ
n s r- g m p d- p d n ṡ- d n ṡ ṙ
I
N, ṡ - D, n –
P, d – M, p – g m p d – n ṡ ṙ, II
D n ṡ ṙ - Ġ,
ṙ ṡ - Ṙ, Ṡ n – d p d n I
ṡ
ṙ ṡ - n ṡ n – d n d – m d m – g m g – r g r – s r s - ṇ s r II
gana ……..
Meaning:
Oh my beautiful friend, with a gait of
an elephant mad with desire, I feel sad and restless. Listen to my sorrows, for
I am tortured by the arrows of Kamadeva
Spring makes everything so beautiful. Has
Lord Padmanabha, forsaken me at this time?
The birds are singing lovely songs
from the tree tops and the bees are making the buzzing sound. Yet, I can’t bear
this noise, I think only of Him, Padmanabha, the great Lord, worshipped by his
devotees.
Kamadeva shoots his arrows, and they
make me exhaust me. I take the lotus flower stems and decorate myself with it.
Its leaves and petals are my ornaments now. Please tell me, the sweet friend,
why hasn’t he come?